Module 4: Chemistry in action

Module 4: Chemistry in action

Candidates will be assessed throughout this module on their ability to:

recall the formulae of elements and simple compounds in the module

represent chemical reactions by word equations; write simple balanced equations and use the state symbols (s), (l), (g) and (aq)

write balanced equations to describe and explain a wide range of reactions including ionic equations

Crude oil
Candidates will be assessed on their ability to:

explain that crude oil was formed by the long-term effects of temperature and pressure on marine deposits (4.01)

recall that hydrocarbons contain carbon and hydrogen only (4.02)

understand that crude oil is a mixture of substances, most of which are hydrocarbons (4.03)

understand that the mixture of substances can be separated by fractional distillation, to yield fuels and other useful products (4.04)

describe the fractional distillation of crude oil (4.05)

describe some uses of the various fractions

� gases

� petrol (gasoline)

� kerosene (paraffin)

� diesel oil

� fuel oil

� bitumen (4.06)

evaluate data on the properties of different fractions related to the size of their molecules (4.07)

Burning fuels
Candidates will be assessed on their ability to:

understand that the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons are carbon dioxide and water and that energy is released (4.08)

understand that oxidation is the addition of oxygen to a substance, e.g. the oxidation of methane to water and carbon dioxide (4.09)

understand that incomplete combustion can produce carbon and carbon monoxide (4.10)

recall that carbon monoxide is a toxic gas (4.11)

recall that incomplete combustion can occur in faulty gas appliances and other heating appliances and this can be dangerous (4.12)

Plastics
Candidates will be assessed on their ability to:

understand that cracking of some oil fractions (obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil) yields useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which have carbon-carbon double bonds (4.13)

recall the conditions used in industry to crack fractions obtained from crude oil (4.14)

describe the alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons and alkenes as unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain a double bond (4.15)

recall the formulae of methane, ethane, propane and butane and draw the structures of their molecules (4.16)

recall the formulae of ethene and propene and draw the structures of their molecules (4.17)

describe how bromine water is used to distinguish between alkenes and alkanes (4.18)

explain how addition polymers are formed from unsaturated monomers (4.19)

describe some uses of

� poly(ethene)

� poly(propene)

� poly(styrene)

� poly(chloroethene), (polyvinyl chloride, PVC) (4.20)

understand the problems of the disposal of some plastics (4.21)

Enzymes
Candidates will be assessed on their ability to:

describe the uses of enzymes in washing powders and in food and drink manufacture (4.22)

recall that the dairy industry uses enzymes made by microorganisms to produce yoghurt and cheese (4.23)

Types of chemical reaction
Candidates will be assessed on their ability to:

know that there are several different types of chemical reactions (4.24)

understand that neutralisation can be used to make salts, some of which may be used as fertilisers (4.25)

understand the process of thermal decomposition, for example, as shown by the action of heat on limestone and copper carbonate (4.26)

describe the effect of water on calcium oxide and appreciate the solution produced is limewater (4.27)

understand why calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide are used to neutralise soil acidity (4.28)

recall that calcium carbonate is used in the production of glass, cement and iron (4.29)